{"id":108790,"date":"2026-06-29T09:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T07:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/?p=108790"},"modified":"2026-06-15T10:02:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T08:02:14","slug":"villon-ballad-ladies-times-past-snows-yesteryear","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/en\/villon-ballad-ladies-times-past-snows-yesteryear\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cWhere are the snows of yesteryear?\u201d: Villon&#8217;s Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;But where are the snows of yesteryear?&#8221; This line is probably the most famous in all of French poetry. It comes from the <em>Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past<\/em>, which Villon set into his <em>Testament<\/em> around 1461. In three stanzas, the poet lists admirable women of antiquity, legend and history, then asks, each time, where they have gone. The answer lies in an image of melted snow. Here is a reading of this poem on the passing of time.<\/p>\n<h2>Key facts<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <em>Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past<\/em> is one of the ballads set into Fran\u00e7ois Villon&#8217;s <em>Testament<\/em>, around 1461.<\/li>\n<li>Its refrain, &#8220;But where are the snows of yesteryear?&#8221;, has become the best-known line in French poetry.<\/li>\n<li>The poem lists famous women (Flora, Tha\u00efs, H\u00e9lo\u00efse, Queen Blanche, Joan of Arc) to say that all beauty finally vanishes.<\/li>\n<li>It illustrates a classic medieval theme, the <em>ubi sunt<\/em> (&#8220;where are they?&#8221;), a meditation on what is no longer.<\/li>\n<li>The songwriter Georges Brassens set it to music in the twentieth century, extending its fame.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>A question that returns like a wave<\/h2>\n<p>The poem opens on a simple request: &#8220;Tell me where, in what land, is Flora the beautiful Roman.&#8221; Stanza after stanza, Villon calls out women&#8217;s names, then lets his refrain fall. The return of the same line, &#8220;But where are the snows of yesteryear?&#8221;, gives the poem its music and its vertigo. The snow of yesteryear, the snow of the year just gone, has melted without a trace: so it is with the most beautiful lives.<\/p>\n<p>This device has a name. Medieval scholars called it the <em>ubi sunt<\/em>, from the Latin &#8220;where are they?&#8221;. One lists the powerful, the wise, the beauties of old to recall that death levels everything. Villon inherits this tradition, but gives it a grace and a melancholy that are his alone. That personal voice runs through his whole work, as his life shows, told in our portrait of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/en\/who-was-francois-villon-medieval-poet\/\">cursed poet of the Middle Ages<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Who are the ladies of times past?<\/h2>\n<p>Villon&#8217;s gallery mixes eras and registers. The first stanza brings on figures of antiquity and legend: Flora, a Roman courtesan, Archipiada and Tha\u00efs, famous beauties, and Echo, the nymph turned into a voice. The second stanza summons H\u00e9lo\u00efse, the learned woman loved by the philosopher Pierre Ab\u00e9lard, whose love ended in tragedy, then the queen whom legend accuses of having the philosopher Buridan thrown into the Seine.<\/p>\n<p>The third stanza moves closer to French history: Queen Blanche &#8220;white as a lily,&#8221; Bertha Broadfoot, mother of Charlemagne in the chansons de geste, and above all Joan, &#8220;the good maid of Lorraine whom the English burned at Rouen.&#8221; This last mention is moving: Joan of Arc was burned in 1431, the very year of Villon&#8217;s probable birth. The poet speaks of an almost contemporary figure who had already passed into legend.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-image size-large\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/jeanne-darc-miniature-xve.jpg\" alt=\"Joan of Arc, fifteenth-century miniature\" width=\"496\" height=\"502\" \/>Joan of Arc, named by Villon in the ballad. Fifteenth-century miniature, public domain.<\/p>\n<h2>Why this poem still moves us<\/h2>\n<p>The <em>Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past<\/em> says something everyone feels: beauty, youth and glory do not last. Villon does not moralise, he observes, with a tenderness that disarms. It is this absence of a lesson, this simple question asked under the breath, that makes the poem universal.<\/p>\n<p>Its refrain has enjoyed a rare afterlife. Translated into English in the nineteenth century by the poet Dante Gabriel Rossetti as &#8220;the snows of yesteryear,&#8221; it entered the English language. In the twentieth century, Georges Brassens sang it, bringing it to millions. Few medieval lines have such a lineage.<\/p>\n<p>Reading this poem in its original language, Middle French, is an experience of its own. It is also a good reason to learn French through its literature. At the Cours de Civilisation Fran\u00e7aise de la Sorbonne, language, culture and history go together: discover our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/en\/french-courses\/\">French courses in Paris<\/a>. To read further, see also the poet&#8217;s other great ballad, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/en\/villon-ballad-against-the-enemies-of-france\/\">the Ballad against the Enemies of France<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<h3>What does &#8220;the snows of yesteryear&#8221; mean?<\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Yesteryear&#8221; means the year just gone. &#8220;The snows of yesteryear&#8221; are therefore last year&#8217;s snows, melted and vanished. The image stands for everything that once existed and is no more: beauty, youth, loved ones.<\/p>\n<h3>Which collection does the Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past come from?<\/h3>\n<p>It is set into <em>The Testament<\/em> of Fran\u00e7ois Villon, his major work, written around 1461. In it, ballads alternate with the narrative in eight-line stanzas.<\/p>\n<h3>Who is the Joan cited at the end of the poem?<\/h3>\n<p>It is Joan of Arc, &#8220;the good maid of Lorraine whom the English burned at Rouen&#8221; in 1431. Villon names her as an already legendary figure, almost a contemporary of his own.<\/p>\n<h3>What is the ubi sunt theme?<\/h3>\n<p>It is a medieval literary motif, from the Latin &#8220;where are they?&#8221;. It consists of listing illustrious figures of the past to meditate on death and the passing of time. The <em>Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past<\/em> is its most famous example in French.<\/p>\n<h3>Has the poem been set to music?<\/h3>\n<p>Yes. Georges Brassens sang it in the twentieth century, under the title &#8220;La ballade des dames du temps jadis.&#8221; This setting did much to make the poem known to a wide audience.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Article written by the team at the Cours de Civilisation Fran\u00e7aise de la Sorbonne and editorially reviewed before publication. Last updated: June 2026. Reference text: <em>Ballade des dames du temps jadis<\/em>, from Fran\u00e7ois Villon&#8217;s <em>Testament<\/em>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;But where are the snows of yesteryear?&#8221; This line is probably the most famous in all of French poetry. It comes from the Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":108807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[321],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-108790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civilization"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>&quot;Where are the snows of yesteryear?&quot;: Villon&#039;s Ballad of the Ladies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The meaning of &quot;where are the snows of yesteryear?&quot; and an analysis of Villon&#039;s Ballad of the Ladies of Times Past: the women named and the theme of passing time.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ccfs-sorbonne.fr\/en\/villon-ballad-ladies-times-past-snows-yesteryear\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"&quot;Where are the snows of yesteryear?&quot;: Villon&#039;s Ballad of the Ladies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The meaning of &quot;where are the snows of yesteryear?&quot; 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